With primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDDs), part of a person’s immune system is either missing or doesn’t work well enough. The immune system is “deficient.” Your immune system attacks germs that get into your body so they don’t cause an infection. When your immune system is deficient, it can’t do its job as well and you are more likely to get infections.
Common signs and symptoms of infection
- Fever or chills
- Cough
- Shortness of breath or trouble breathing
- Feeling tired (fatigue)
- Muscle or body aches
- Headache
- New loss of taste or smell
- Sore throat
- Congestion or runny nose
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Enlarged or tender lymph nodes
Best ways to avoid infections
- Stay away from people who are sick to help limit your contact with germs.
- Wash your hands often and well. This is the best way to prevent infection. Use soap and water. If that’s not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
- Always carry disinfectant wipes or hand sanitizer with you. Wipe down surfaces like door handles, shopping carts or elevator buttons before touching them when you go out.
- Wear a mask that fits your face well and covers your mouth and nose.
- Avoid crowded areas. Try to run your errands when crowds are likely to be smallest.
- Keep up with your flu and pneumonia vaccines. Be sure to talk to your health care team about the COVID-19 vaccine.
- Call your doctor right away if you think you are getting sick or have any signs of infection.
Taking care of yourself
- Take good care of your teeth and gums. See your dentist regularly.
- Get plenty of sleep.
- Eat a healthy diet – including plenty of fruits and vegetables, fiber and protein. Talk to your doctor or a dietitian if you need help with meal planning.
- Stay as active as you can. Talk to your doctor if you want to start an exercise program. Start off slowly and build strength and endurance slowly.
- Stick to your treatment plan.
- If the doctor prescribes antibiotics or other drugs to treat an infection, take them exactly prescribed and finish the medications – even if you are feeling better.
- Stay on top of all your vaccines. Ask your doctor if you’re up to date.
- Join an in-person or virtual support group. Get the emotional support you need and help to manage your stress.
Talk to your health care team for more tips on staying healthier. You can also visit the Immune Deficiency Foundation website to learn more.
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